This master's thesis analyzes the development of the Chechen resistance in the period from 1990 to 2020. The aim of the thesis is to present the most important events throughout history and the gradual ideological transformation of the Chechen idea. The thesis uses qualitative methods of research, namely the methods of description, analysis and synthesis. The theoretical framework of the paper presents the types, characteristics and phases of insurgency with the aim of categorizing the Chechen insurgency and also deals with terrorism from which the Chechen resistance movement is inseparable, after which the historical introduction defines the motivation of insurgents in the past. After that, the thesis analyses the situation in the USSR before its dissolution, its impact on the Chechen idea and the development of Chechen resistance and separatism since the beginning of the secession process and the First Chechen War, which are specific primarily because of their secular nationalist character. After the war, the emergence of Wahhabism led to a gradual ideological transformation that culminated in the Caucasus Emirate and the Caucasus Province of the Islamic State. Terrorism has marked Chechen separatism from the early 1990s to the present day. Its types and specifics, the connection and the importance of people at the top of the government for its development are analyzed, as well as its effect and ability to achieve the set goal. The Chechen idea was largely influenced and changed in line with the personal influence of the leaders who were at the helm. After the research, the conclusion is that Chechnya mostly shares its fate with the rest of the North Caucasus, with the exception of going through two wars and the fact that it was the only one to de facto separate on a secular nationalist platform with vast destruction and immense human loss.